Study on Student Dropout Rates. A diagram showing arrows from "Study Hours" → "Test Scores" → "Motivation Level" → "Dropout Decision." Why? You are visualizing your specific prediction for this specific study.
The good news? This distinction is easy to visualize once you understand the core metaphor:
“The TF is the established reasoning that justifies why this problem exists.”
When you present your PPT, do not commit these sins. Put these warnings on a slide titled "Pitfalls."
A is a structure of existing, tested, and peer-reviewed theories that explain why a research problem exists. It is borrowed from established literature.
A side-by-side split screen or two-column layout.
A structure of concepts and theories pulled from existing literature that provides a "lens" for your study.
A great PPT is useless without a great voiceover. Here is a script to memorize for your presentation:
It relies on concepts that have already been empirically tested and accepted by the scientific community.
You are standing on the shoulders of giants (using their eyes to see).